Pulmonary System

1. Question: Define bronchiectasis
2. Question: Bronchiolitis tends to occur during the first years of life and is most often caused by what type of infection?
   
3. Question: Examination of the throat in a child demonstrating signs and symptoms of acute epiglottitis may contribute to which life-threatening complication?
   
4. Question: Decreased lung compliance means that the lungs are demonstrating which characteristic?
   
5. Question: What are the effects of aging on the pulmonary system?
   
6. Question: Sitting up in a forward-leaning position generally relieves which breathing disorder?
   
7. Question: What is the most common cause of pulmonary edema?
   
8. Question: Which immunoglobulin (Ig) may contribute to the pathophysiologic characteristics of asthma?
   
9. Question: What medical term is used for a condition that results from pulmonary hypertension, creating chronic pressure overload in the right ventricle?
   
10. Question: Define these terms: aspiration, bronchiolitis, pulmonary fibrosis, atelectasis
    
11. Question: What are the Total Lung Capacity (TLC), Forced Expiratory Volume over 1 second (FEV1), and Ventilation/Perfusion Ratio (V/Q) for emphysema (increased, decreased, normal)? 
    
12. Question: What are the Total Lung Capacity (TLC), Forced Expiratory Volume over 1 second (FEV1), and Ventilation/Perfusion Ratio (V/Q) for pneumonia (increased, decreased, normal)? 
    
13. Question: What are the Total Lung Capacity (TLC), Forced Expiratory Volume over 1 second (FEV1), and Ventilation/Perfusion Ratio (V/Q) for Pulmonary Embolism (increased, decreased, normal)?
    
14. Question: Why is nasal congestion a serious threat to young infants?
    
15. Question: Cystic fibrosis is caused by which process?
    

Renal System

1. Question: List the risk factors for developing bladder and kidney cancers
2. Question: Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) may be accompanied by a positive throat or skin culture for which bacteria?
   
3. Question: Which symptoms are considered part of the nephrotic syndrome in children?
   
4. Question: What part of the kidney controls renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and renin secretion?
   
5. Question: The glomerular filtration rate is directly related to which factor?
   
6. Question: What effect do natriuretic peptides have during heart failure when the heart dilates?
   
7. Question: Describe the action of urodilatin?
   
8. Question: Which hormones does the kidney produce?
   
9. Question: Which mineral accounts for the most common type of renal stone?
   
10. Question: How are glucose and insulin used to treat hyperkalemia associated with acute renal failure?